Use of a dual lumen port for automated red cell exchange in adults with sickle cell disease

Red cell exchange (RCE) is a common procedure in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Implantable dual lumen Vortex (DLV) ports can be used for RCE in patients with poor peripheral venous access. We performed a retrospective cohort study of RCE procedures performed in adults with SCD. The main objective of the study was to compare the inlet speed, duration of procedures and rate of complications performed through DLV ports to those performed through temporary central venous and peripheral catheters. Twenty‐nine adults with SCD underwent a total of 318 RCE procedures. Twenty adults had DLV ports placed and 218 procedures were performed using DLV ports. Mean length of follow‐up after DLV port placement was 397 ± 263 days. Six DLV ports were removed due to infection and 1 for malfunction after a mean of 171 ± 120 days. Compared to temporary central venous and peripheral catheters, DLV port procedures had a greater rate of procedural complications, a longer duration, and a lower inlet speed (all P < 0.01). When accounting for the maximum allowable inlet speed to avoid citrate toxicity, 40% of DLV port procedures were greater than 10% below maximum speed, compared to 7 and 14% of procedures performed through temporary central venous and peripheral catheters (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, DLV ports can be used for RCE in adults with SCD, albeit with more procedural complications and longer duration. The smaller internal diameter and longer catheter of DLV ports compared to temporary central venous catheters likely accounts for the differences noted. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:353–358, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中国精神分裂症患者不同家庭干预措施效果比较的meta分析

目的对中国精神分裂症患者采取家庭干预的研究文献进行综合回顾和系统评价, 比较不同条件下家庭干预效果的差异。方法在中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库四大中文数据库及OVID Medline、Science Direct、Web of Science、EBSCO四大英文数据库中, 检索各数据库建库至2015年1月为止使用社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、简明精神病(科)量表(BPRS)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)研究中国精神分裂症患者家庭干预效果的文献, 以标准化加权均数差( SMD)作为效应量, 采用meta分析比较不同干预时间、不同干预类型、对不同病程和不同严重程度的精神分裂症患者的家庭干预效果差异。 结果共纳入57篇符合标准的文献。SDSS、PANSS分析结果显示:① 干预时间越长干预效果越好( P < 0.0001、 P=0.0025);② 单独家庭干预比多个家庭合并单独家庭干预的效果更明显( P < 0.0001、 P=0.0131);③ 干预对于病情较重患者效果较好( P < 0.0001、 P=0.0280)。SDSS量表还显示家庭干预对于病程短的患者效果更好( P < 0.0001)。 结论家庭干预更适合病程较短的精神分裂症患者, 干预应实施较长时间; 单独家庭干预更有利于患者阴性症状的改善和社会功能的康复, 且对于病情较轻患者的阴性症状改善效果更好。     

谷氨酸对腺苷A2A受体调节一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

目的探讨谷氨酸是否能够影响腺苷A2A受体对一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活力的调节。方法用1000ng／ml脂多糖（LPS）刺激小胶质细胞，分别加入100nmol／L A2A受体激动剂CGS21680以及不同浓度的谷氨酸（0，1，0，25，0，5mmol／L）干预，观察NOS活力变化。结果LPS诱导NOS活力增高，激活A2A受体可以产生抑制作用；0，25及0．5mmoL／L谷氨酸和A2A受体激动剂同时存在时，NOS活力进一步增高。结论高浓度谷氨酸可逆转腺苷A2A受体激动剂抑制升高NOS活力的作用。     

Severe odontogenic infections

Background : Severe odontogenic infections are serious potentially lethal conditions. Following the death of a patient in the authors' institution this study was initiated to determine the risk factors, management and outcome of a consecutive series of patients.
Methods : All patients admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital under the care of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit with odontogenic infections in calendar year 2003 were investigated. Detailed information relative to their pre-presentation history, surgical and anaesthetic management and outcome was obtained and analysed.
Results : Forty-eight patients, 32M, 16F, average age 34.5, range 19 to 88 years were treated. All presented with pain and swelling, with 21 (44 per cent) having trismus. Forty-four (92 per cent) were as a result of dental neglect and four (8 per cent) were regular dental patients having endodontic treatment which failed. Of those known to have been treated prior to presentation, most had been on antibiotics. Most patients had aggressive surgical treatment with extraction, surgical drainage, high dose intravenous antibiotics and rehydration. The hospital stay was 3.3 (range 1–16) days. Patients requiring prolonged intubation and high dependency or intensive care (40 per cent) had longer hospitalization. No patient died and all fully recovered.
Conclusion : Severe odontogenic infections are a serious risk to the patient's health and life. Management is primarily surgical with skilled anaesthetic airway management. Antibiotics are required in high intravenous doses as an adjunct and not as a primary treatment.     

周围神经端侧动脉套接后神经再生的研究

目的研究周围神经端侧动脉套接后神经再生的可能性及其特点. 方法取SD大鼠75只,在股骨中下段切断腓神经,将近断端逆转90度包埋于肌肉中.随机分为5组.A组:将截取的左颈总动脉套接于右侧正常胫神经侧方与腓总神经远端2 mm距离之间,缝合部胫神经外膜不予切除;B组:在胫神经套接部外膜开窗1.0 mm;C组:腓总神经切断14天后再予动脉套接,余同B组;D组:同B组,且于动脉套接部注入神经生长因子(neural growth factor, NGF)1 ml;E组:将腓总神经远端以端侧缝合形式直接缝合于胫神经的一侧,外膜开窗1.0 mm.术后4、8和12周分别行组织学、电镜和神经纤维计数等检查. 结果 4周时C、D及E组周边区域有神经纤维轴突和髓鞘再生,A组则无神经纤维生长; 8周时C、D及E组再生神经纤维较B组多,E组神经纤维较C、D组多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 12周时C、D及E组神经纤维多于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组及D组有较丰富的神经再生,与神经端侧直接吻合的E组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论神经端侧2 mm距离动脉套接可作为修复周围神经损伤的一种可行方法.     

鼻咽癌CT灌注成像及其生物学相关性研究

目的研究鼻咽癌CT灌注值与肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）、肿瘤分期的关系，探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像对鼻咽癌的临床应用价值。方法49例鼻咽部CT灌注检查中，鼻咽癌组30例，鼻咽癌放疗后组14例，正常鼻咽部5例，测量鼻咽癌和鼻咽黏膜位置的血流量（BF）、最大强化指数（PEI）、峰值到达时间（TTP）及血容量（BV）作为灌注指标，其中16例鼻咽癌活检组织行免疫组织化学CD34单抗染色后，Weidner方法计数MVD。各组灌注值比较行方差分析，CT灌注值、肿瘤分期与MVD之间行Spearman等级相关分析。结果49例中1例鼻咽癌灌注检查失败。鼻咽癌组（29例）肿瘤CT灌注值BF为（48．6±16．9）ml·100g^-1·min^-1，PEI为（32．3±7．9）HU，TTP为（17．5±4．9）s，BV为（12．8±4．4）ml·100g^-1；正常对照组（5例）BF、PEI、TTP、BV值分别为（15．9±5．9）ml·100g^-1·min^-1、（12.6±1．3）HU、（22．6±6．9）s、（3．5±0．5）ml·100g^-1；鼻咽癌放疗后组（14例）BF、PEI、TTP、BV值分别为（25．2±7．0）ml·100g^-1·min^-1、（19．8±5．9）HU、（22．6±4．3）s、（6．1±2．4）ml·100g^-1，三组各灌注值差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0．01）；相关分析显示，鼻咽癌组（29例）中TNM分期（其中Ⅰ期3例，Ⅱ期9例，Ⅲ期10例，Ⅳ期7例）与PEI和BV存在相关性（r值分别为0．48和0．50），与BF和TTP无明显相关性（r值分别为0．23和0．22）；16例鼻咽癌MVD为（30．8±12．6）个／高倍镜视野，与其BF（51．4±17．0）ml·100g^-1·min^-1、PEI（33．2±9．6）HU和TTP（16．3±4．1）8存在相关性（r值分别为0．85、0．60和0．78），与BV（13．2±5．6）ml·100g^-1弱相关（r=0．48）。结论鼻咽癌有着特征的CT灌注表现，多层螺旋CT灌注成像的灌注值可以反映鼻咽癌微血管密度特征，PEI和BV值与鼻咽癌的TNM分期存在一定的相关性。     

创伤性肾动脉下腔静脉瘘封堵术1例

患者女,59岁,因“胸闷伴中上腹不适2月余”入院。患者进食后腹部不适加重,休息后可缓解。晨起脸部浮肿,活动后可消退,不伴有双下肢水肿。27年前因右肾结石行右肾切除术。查体:心浊音界增大,中上腹可闻及收缩期杂音。MRA显示右肾动脉与下腔静脉异常交通,右肾动脉远端瘤样扩张,下     

急性重症胆管炎的介入治疗

目的讨论经皮经肝穿刺放置引流管(简称PTCD)减压引流治疗急性重症胆管炎(简称AOSC)的可行性及疗效.方法 1996年3月～2001年4月行PTCD治疗AOSC病人15例,男10例,女5例,胆石症术后8例,胆管癌2例,胰腺癌3例,胆道畸形2例,其中4例放置了胆道内支架.结果 15例病人技术成功率100%,无1例出现穿刺置管所致的严重并发症.病情缓解后针对病因有8例行手术治疗痊愈,4例不能手术的肿瘤患者植入了胆道内支架,1例于置管后3d死于多脏器功能衰竭,2例置管引流病情稳定后因各种原因放弃继续治疗,保留引流管自动出院.结论 PTCD可有效降低胆管压力,缓解病情,降低AOSC的死亡率,为进一步的病因治疗创造条件.     

骨科手术患者术中自体血回输的临床观察

目的:探讨骨科手术患者术中自体血回输的临床效果,以期能减少异体血的用量。方法:将骨科择期手术患者,术中随机分为自体血回输组,及异体血输血组,比较两组术后24h伤口引流量、血常规等情况。结果:两组患者手术顺利,自体血回输组术中均未用异体血,但少数患者术后发生低凝状态,输入异体血。结论:术中自体血回输能减少异体血输入量,但须适当补充新鲜血浆和凝血因子。     

FasL基因表达对缺氧状态下直肠癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响

Objective To elucidate the effect of FasL gene expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of hypoxic rectal carcinoma cells. Methods The normoxic expression level of FasL in HR-8348 subtype cells (HR-8348B, HR-8348L, HR-8348F and HR-8348As) with different invasive power were verified by Western blot. Hypoxia models for HR-8348B, HR-8348L, HR-8348F and HR-8348As were constructed with chemical modeling, then the FasL levels in all groups at 12 h after hypoxia were quantitated by Western blot. Distribution of different cell life cycles was determined with flow cytometry. Cell reproductive activities were detected with MTT method, and cell apoptesis was assessed with TUNEL. Results FasL protein was pigmentized at the position of 40 000 by Western blot, and the expression level of FasL was significantly higher in HR-8348F cells than those in HR-8348B, HR-8348L and HR-8348As cells(F=361.149, P<0.01) in normoxia. At 12 h after hypoxia, the FasL level was also significantly higher in HR-8348F cells than those in other groups (F=278.766, P<0.01), but was not markedly different as compared to themselves in normoxia (t=1.762, P>0.05). The proliferation index was significantly higher in HR-8348F (60.43±3.72) than those in HR-8348B (40.01±3.30), HR-8348L (41.30±4.06) and HR-8348As cells (35.87±4.39), respectively (F=39.477, P<0.01). However, both inhibition rate of proliferation and apoptotic index were remarkably lower in HR-8348F (17.30±1.98 and 13.10±1.04) than those in HR-834B (33.70±4.33 and 21.60±1.31), HR-8348L (34.20±3.92 and 20.10±1.15), and HR-8348As (38.00±4.55 and 23.90±1.23), respectively (F=28.811 and 76.462, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusion The expression enhancement of intracellular FasL in rectal carcinoma in hypoxia can lead to accelerated proliferation and reduced apeptosis of cells, which will promote tumor cells to adapt microenvironmental hypoxia.